The Book of Malachi is the last book of the Old Testament and serves as a bridge to the New Testament. It is a prophetic book that addresses the spiritual and moral decline of the Israelites after their return from Babylonian exile. Malachi, whose name means 'my messenger,' is believed to be the author, although little is known about him personally. His prophetic ministry likely took place in the fifth century BC, during a time when the Jewish people were struggling to maintain their identity and faithfulness to God amidst external pressures and internal complacency.
The setting of Malachi is post-exilic Judah, a period marked by disillusionment and apathy among the people. The temple had been rebuilt, but the glory of the former temple was not present, and the people were facing economic hardships. This context is crucial for understanding Malachi's messages, which confront the people's laxity in worship, their questioning of God's justice, and their failure to uphold the covenant relationship with God.