The Book of Obadiah is the shortest book in the Old Testament, consisting of only one chapter. It is a prophetic text attributed to the prophet Obadiah, whose name means 'servant of Yahweh.' The book primarily addresses the nation of Edom, a neighboring nation to Israel, and serves as a pronouncement of judgment against them for their pride and violence against the people of Israel during a time of crisis.
Obadiah's prophecy is set against the backdrop of the Babylonian invasion of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. This historical context is crucial for understanding the themes of the book, as it reflects the deep animosity between Israel and Edom, rooted in their shared ancestry through Isaac and Abraham. Edom's betrayal during Israel's time of need is a central theme, highlighting the moral and ethical responsibilities of nations towards one another.